Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: CB1-Dependent Long-Term Depression in Ventral Tegmental Area GABA Neurons: A Novel Target for Marijuana

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0190-17.2017

Figure Lengend Snippet: CB1 mediates HFS-LTD. Two candidate receptors that could act as a presynaptic target for eCBs include TRPV1 and CB1. A, The TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine failed to block LTD, suggesting that TRPV1 is not involved in this HFS-LTD (n = 9; p > 0.05 compared with control LTD). B, The CB1 antagonist AM-251 significantly blocked LTD (n = 9, p < 0.05 compared with control LTD).

Article Snippet: A , The TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine failed to block LTD, suggesting that TRPV1 is not involved in this HFS-LTD ( n = 9; p > 0.05 compared with control LTD).

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Control

Journal: Basic research in cardiology

Article Title: Spinal cord astrocytes regulate myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury

doi: 10.1007/s00395-022-00968-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental protocol A Intrathecal administration of fluoro-citrate before myocardial ischemia or sham operation. B Construction of astrocyte selective AAVs containing mCherry, hM3Dq or hM4Di driven by GfaABC1D promoter. C Intra-spinal microinjection of astrocyte selective AAVs or saline before myocardial ischemia. D Intrathecal administration of TRPV1, SP or CGRP antagonists before myocardial ischemia. FC, fluoro-citrate; I/R, ischemia–reperfusion; TTC, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; AAV, adeno-associated virus; hM3Dq, human M3 muscarinic Gq protein-coupled receptor; hM4Di, human M4 muscarinic Gi protein-coupled receptor; CNO, clozapine-N-oxide; NS, saline; NE, norepinephrine; CPZ, capsazepine

Article Snippet: In separate experiments, 10 μg/10 μL of TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine (CPZ, Apexbio, USA), 60 μg/10 μL of substance P (SP) receptor antagonist (L-733060 hydrochloride, R&D, USA), 10 μg/10 μL of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist (CGRP8-37, R&D, USA) or the same volume of vehicle (saline) was intrathecally administrated via the implanted catheter 10 min before ischemia ( ).

Techniques:

Journal: Basic research in cardiology

Article Title: Spinal cord astrocytes regulate myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury

doi: 10.1007/s00395-022-00968-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gq- and Gi-DREADD regulate TRPV1 activation and neuropeptide release in spinal cord A Representative immunoreactive bands of TRPV1 and phosphorylated (p)TRPV1 in rat spinal cord samples. B The relative expression of TRPV1 and pTRPV1 protein were normalized to GAPDH. C-E Representative images showing TRPV1(C), SP(D) and CGRP (E) immunostainings in hM3Dq, hM4Di or AAV-Con transfected spinal cord tissues following I/R injury. F–H Quantitative analysis of TRPV1(F), SP (G), and CGRP (H) fluorescent intensity in each group. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM from four independent experiments and analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test

Article Snippet: In separate experiments, 10 μg/10 μL of TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine (CPZ, Apexbio, USA), 60 μg/10 μL of substance P (SP) receptor antagonist (L-733060 hydrochloride, R&D, USA), 10 μg/10 μL of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist (CGRP8-37, R&D, USA) or the same volume of vehicle (saline) was intrathecally administrated via the implanted catheter 10 min before ischemia ( ).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Transfection

Journal: Basic research in cardiology

Article Title: Spinal cord astrocytes regulate myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury

doi: 10.1007/s00395-022-00968-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of spinal TRPV1 and neuropeptide by the antagonists reduces myocardial I/R injury A Representative images for heart sections stained by TTC. B Infarct volume is expressed as the ratio of IS/AAR. C Arrhythmia score in each group. D Serum norepinephrine level measured by ELISA in each group. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. n = 6 per group

Article Snippet: In separate experiments, 10 μg/10 μL of TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine (CPZ, Apexbio, USA), 60 μg/10 μL of substance P (SP) receptor antagonist (L-733060 hydrochloride, R&D, USA), 10 μg/10 μL of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist (CGRP8-37, R&D, USA) or the same volume of vehicle (saline) was intrathecally administrated via the implanted catheter 10 min before ischemia ( ).

Techniques: Inhibition, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Basic research in cardiology

Article Title: Spinal cord astrocytes regulate myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury

doi: 10.1007/s00395-022-00968-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: A summary figure illustrating Gq- and Gi-DREADD manipulate spinal astrocytes activity to affect myocardial I/R injury. The delivery of hM3Gq or hM4Di AAVs into spinal cord via bilateral intra-spinal microinjection caused the hyper-activation or suppression of reactive spinal astrocytes following myocardial I/R injury, respectively. The hM3Dq induced activation of spinal astrocytes enhanced TRPV1 activation and SP, CGRP release in spinal cord, which in turn increased cardiac sympathetic activity as evidenced by norepinephrine release, leading to severe cardiac injury and arrhythmia (red arrows). The hM4Di-induced inhibition of spinal astrocytes exerts the opposite effects (green arrows)

Article Snippet: In separate experiments, 10 μg/10 μL of TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine (CPZ, Apexbio, USA), 60 μg/10 μL of substance P (SP) receptor antagonist (L-733060 hydrochloride, R&D, USA), 10 μg/10 μL of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist (CGRP8-37, R&D, USA) or the same volume of vehicle (saline) was intrathecally administrated via the implanted catheter 10 min before ischemia ( ).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Activation Assay, Inhibition